
He was reluctant later in life to say a great deal about his four years in the army during the second world war, but his experiences had a profound effect. He left the Communist party in 1956, but then supported the New Left, and remained a steadfast advocate of the British Marxist tradition throughout his life. He applied a Marxist analysis to the rural economy of Leicestershire between the 13th and 15th centuries, focusing on the emergence of agrarian capitalism. In the turbulent late 1930s he still found time to work hard on his thesis, which he completed well within the three years now regarded as virtuous.

Hilton practised leftwing politics in the Labour club and the Communist party, in the company of such activists as Denis Healey.
